Belavezha Accords: The Belovezh Accords is the agreement that declared that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had effectively ceased to exist. The agreement was signed in Belovezh (Belarus) in December 1991. Belavezha Accords also announced the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) that would replace the USSR. The accord was signed …
Context: Russia has launched an all-out attack on Ukraine through land, air and sea. International laws related to war: The UN Charter The principle of non-intervention is enshrined in article 2(4) of the UN Charter. It demands the states to avoid using force or threat of using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any …
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International Co-Operative Alliance: International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) was founded in 1895. It is an independent, non-governmental association that unites, represents and serves the co-operatives worldwide. ICA is not a United Nations Organization. However, the ICA enjoys General Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UN/ECOSOC). To implement its activities, ICA has four Regional Offices (Africa, Americas, Asia-Pacific, …
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Committee for Development Policy: The Committee for Development Policy (CDP) is a subsidiary body of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. CDP provides inputs and independent advice to the Council on emerging cross-sectoral development issues and on international cooperation for development, focusing on medium- and long-term aspects. The Committee is also responsible for reviewing …
Collective Security Treaty Organization: CSTO is an intergovernmental military alliance that was signed in 1992. In 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States – Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, signed the Collective Security Treaty This is also referred to as the “Tashkent Pact” or “Tashkent Treaty”. Three other post-Soviet …
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Outer Space Treaty, 1967: The treaty provides the basic framework for international space law. The exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind. Outer space shall be free for exploration and use by all States. …
It was established by the United Nations General Assembly(UNGA) in 1966. Mandate: To provide microfinance access to Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to unlock the full potential of public and private finance in these countries. Funding: UNCDF is an autonomous, voluntarily funded UN organization affiliated with UNDP. Its funding comes from UN member states, foundations, and the private …
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons: The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) also known as the Inhumane Weapons Convention was concluded at Geneva in 1980 and entered into force in 1983. Purpose: It is a framework of rules that ban or restrict weapons considered to cause unnecessary, unjustifiable and indiscriminate suffering such as incendiary explosives, blinding lasers and booby traps that don’t distinguish …
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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE): Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(OSCE) is the world’s largest regional security organization. Purpose: Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and fair elections. Member States: It consists of 57 participating States from North America, Europe and Asia. Secretariat: Vienna, …
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The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) is an intergovernmental organization with headquarters in Geneva (Switzerland). UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The Convention was adopted in Paris in 1961 and it was revised in 1972, 1978 and 1991. UPOV’s mission is to provide …