Prelims International News

Global Geoparks vs Biosphere Reserves vs World Heritage Sites – UPSC Prelims

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Biosphere Reserves focus on the harmonised management of biological and cultural diversity. Out of 18 notified biosphere reserves, India has 12 biosphere reserves under the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), the latest one included is Panna Biosphere Reserve. World Heritage Sites promote the conservation of natural and cultural sites of outstanding universal value. India has 40 world heritage sites, including 32 …

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Three Seas Initiative – UPSC Prelims

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Three Seas Initiative: The 3SI is a regional effort in Europe to expand cross-border energy, transportation, and digital infrastructure and boost economic development in the area between the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea. Twelve countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia), all of which are members of the EU, participate …

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Colombo Security Conclave – UPSC Prelims

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Colombo Security Conclave: The Colombo Security Conclave is a regional security grouping. It was initially formed in 2011 as a trilateral Indian Ocean maritime security grouping of India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. It was revived again in 2021. The Colombo Security Conclave has since expanded both its membership as well as scope. Colombo Security Conclave envisages …

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Chernobyl Disaster – UPSC Prelims

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What was the Chernobyl Disaster? The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the environment, with the deposition of radioactive materials in many parts of Europe. The disaster was a unique event and the …

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Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Powerplant – UPSC Prelims

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Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Powerplant: It is located on the banks of the Dnieper river, just 200 kilometers from the conflicted Donbas region where Russian-backed separatists and Ukrainian forces have been fighting. Zaporizhzhya is one of the four operating NPPs in the country and has been operating since 1984. It accounts for about 40% of the total electricity generated by all the Ukrainian NPPs and one-fifth …

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Sagar Parikrama – UPSC Prelims

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Sagar Parikrama: It is a navigation journey to be conducted in all coastal states/UTs through a pre-decided sea route to demonstrate solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholders. It is envisioned as a part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava’ saluting our great freedom fighters, sailors and fishers. Will start from Mandvi, Gujarat and end at Porbandar. …

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What are War Crimes? – UPSC Prelims

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What are War Crimes? War crimes are defined as serious violations of humanitarian laws during a conflict. The definition, established by the Rome Statute of the ICC , is derived from the 1949 Geneva Conventions. It is based on the idea that individuals can be held liable for the actions of a state or its military. The taking of hostages, …

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Are UN resolutions binding? – UPSC Prelims

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Are UN resolutions binding? Resolutions and decisions are formal expressions of the opinion or will of UN organs. The nature of the resolution determines if it is considered binding on States. Articles 10 and 14 of the UN Charter refer to General Assembly resolutions as “recommendations”. The recommendatory nature of General Assembly resolutions has repeatedly been stressed by the International Court …

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