No-fly zone:
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A no-fly zone is also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ).
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It is a region or area where a military power has halted the operations of certain aircraft.
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This can be just passenger vehicles or all types of aircraft including military aircraft.
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This exclusion is coercively carried out by the militarist execution of any violations in most situations.
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Articles under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter dealing with ‘Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression’ are invoked to authorise a potential no-fly zone.
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Article 39 dictates the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to determine the probable existence of any threat to peace or an act of aggression.
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No-fly zones have been implemented without a UN mandate too. For ex. In 1991 after the first Gulf War, the U.S. and its coalition partners imposed two no-fly zones over Iraq.
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In non-combat situations, No-fly zones can be imposed permanently and temporarily over sensitive installations or for high profile events like the Olympics.
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Why in news? Ukraine is demanding a No-Fly Zone over Ukraine from NATO.