Madrid Protocol: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Madrid Protocol) provides for comprehensive protection of Antarctica. The Protocol was adopted in 1991. The Madrid Protocol unambiguously prohibits mining in Antarctica.
Glasgow Leaders Declaration on Forests and Land Use: It is an ambitious declaration initiated by the United Kingdom to “halt deforestation” and land degradation by 2030. The declaration has been signed by over 105 countries including the UK, US, Russia and China. India has not signed it. India, Argentina, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and South Africa are …
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Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme(ITHCP): ITHCP was formed in 2014. It aims to save tigers in the wild, preserve tiger habitats, and support human populations living in tiger landscapes. This initiative was also formed to contribute to the Global Tiger Recovery Programme (GTRP). GTRP is a global effort to double tiger numbers in the wild …
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CMS is an international treaty concluded under aegis of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), concerned with conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global scale. It is commonly abbreviated as Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention. CMS aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. It was signed …
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Formally called: Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Released in 1987 Gave concept of “sustainable development” The Brundtland Commission’s characterization of ‘sustainable development’ is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The prominence given to ‘needs’ …
Also known as Biodiversity Convention It is a multilateral treaty Opened for signature on 5 June 1992 in Rio De Janeiro Entered into force in 1993 It is legally binding Convention has 3 main goals : Conservation of biological diversity Sustainable use of its components; and Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic …
Minamata Convention: The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds. It was agreed at the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee in Geneva, Switzerland 2013. Controlling the anthropogenic releases of mercury throughout its lifecycle is one of the key obligations under the …
United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change It is an international environment treaty Opened for signature in 1992 Came into force from 1994 Secretariat is located in Bonn, Germany Signatories : 165 Ratifiers : 197 (196 countries + EU) The convention is legally non-binding, but makes provisions for meeting called ‘protocols’ where negotiating countries can …
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Formally Called : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It is also known as Washington Convention It is a multilateral Treaty. Participation is voluntary. It is legally binding on the Parties, but it does not take …
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Ramsar Convention: It is an international treaty It aims conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands The convention provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. It was signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971 India is one of the 169 signatories to the Ramsar …