Digital & IT for Prelims

PARAM Ganga-a – UPSC Prelims

PARAM Ganga-a: It is new super computer developed by CDAC which is installed in IIT Roorkee. It has a supercomputing capacity of 1.66 Petaflops. It is developed under National Super Computing Mission. The basic idea behind building a Petascale Supercomputer with manufactured in India components is to lead the path towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat and accelerate the problem-solving …

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Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) – UPSC Prelims

Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs): A SCA is a security exploit that aims to gather information from or influence the program execution of a system by measuring or exploiting indirect effects of the system or its hardware rather than targeting the program or its code directly. Typically, SCAs aim to extract sensitive information like cryptographic keys, proprietary machine learning models and …

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Internet of Things (IoT) – UPSC Prelims

Internet of Things (IoT); IoT is a computing concept that describes the idea of everyday physical objects being connected to the internet and being able to identify themselves to other devices. It is being used to create smart infrastructure in various verticals such as Power, Automotive, Safety & Surveillance, Remote Health Management, Agriculture, Smart Homes and Smart Cities etc, …

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What is a Semiconductor Chip? – UPSC Prelims

What is a Semiconductor Chip? It is an electric circuit with many components such as transistors and wiring formed on a semiconductor wafer. An electronic device comprising numerous of these components is called Integrated Circuit (IC), and can be found in electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, appliances, gaming hardware and medical equipment. These devices find widespread use in …

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Supercomputer – UPSC Prelims

What is a Supercomputer? A supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the currently highest operational rate for computers. Generally, PETAFLOP is a measure of a Supercomputer’s processing speed and can be expressed as a thousand trillion floating point operations per second. FLOPS (floating point operations per second) are typically used to measure the performance of a computer’s processor. Using floating-point encoding, …

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How 5G impacts flights? – UPSC Prelims

How 5G impacts flights? Airlines take off and land using autopilot systems, which use data from radar altimeters to determine the altitude of the aircraft. Hence, they are a crucial part of flight operations for pilots, particularly while seeking to make low-visibility landings in poor weather conditions. Altimeters emit radio waves at 4.2-4.3 Gigahertz (GHz) frequency, which …

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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) – UPSC Prelims

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs):  NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are unique digital items stored on a blockchain, the same network that runs cryptocurrencies. Anything digital – images, videos, music, online version of various articles – can be converted into an NFT and monetised. How NFT Works? If anyone converts its digital asset to an NFT, he/she will …

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