GS3

1991 Reforms : Report Card

25 years of 1991 reforms Positives: De-regulation De-licensing Investment friendly environment Government monopoly and license-quota-inspector raj abolished. Private sector role increased in infrastructure, mining, telecom etc. Service sector opened (now contributes > 60%) -> IT, BPO, KPO etc. Problem of Foreign Exchange Reserve solved (now ~ $350 billion) Negatives: Increased exposure to global shocks (1997 …

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Ozone hole – Polar Vertex – UPSC GS3

The chemistry of the Antarctic polar vortex has created severe ozone depletion . What is Polar Vortex? How does it explain the absence of An Arctic Hole as compared to a more prominent Antarctic Hole? (200 Words) A polar vertex is a continuous and massive (about 1000km in diameter) cyclone about the Earth‘s geographical poles. …

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Waterways

Facts: India has 14500 km potential of inland waterways. Water is a state subject, while the development and regulation of shipping and navigation comes under the jurisdiction of the Union government. USA (21 percent), China, Japan and South Korea use more than 40 percent internal transport through inland water. According to the Inland Waterways Authority of …

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Payment Banks

What are Payment Banks? Payment banks are non-full service banks, whose main objective is to accelerate financial inclusion. These banks have to use the word ‘Payment Bank’ in its name which will differentiate it from other banks What will they do? Collect deposits ( up to 1 Lakh/individual) Offer Internet banking Facilitate money transfers Sell …

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