Diabetes – UPSC Prelims

  • Diabetes is a chronic, progressive non-communicable disease (NCD) characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar (blood glucose).
  • It occurs when :
    • the pancreas does not produce enough of the insulin hormone, which regulates blood sugar.
    • the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
  • Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t make enough insulin
  • Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t make or use insulin very well, causing glucose to remain in the blood, which can lead to serious problems.
  • Gestational diabetes: This type occurs in women during pregnancy when the body sometimes becomes less sensitive to insulin.
  • Insulin convert carbohydrate into sugar (glucose).
  • The main symptom of diabetes is excess fatigue, frequent urination, dysentery, excessive thirst, etc.
  • Diabetes can also be genetic, but its main cause is obesity, lack of adequate nutrition, etc.
  • Diabetic drug insulin is an essential medicine list by WHO.
  • India has 69 million people with diabetes, second largest after China.
  • Ayush-82: Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes.

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