Roads : Rapid evolution in Clean Mobility – UPSC GS3

Vehicle battery technology: Prices have fallen by almost 84% in the last decade.

Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles vs Electric vehicles: Parity in the cost of ownership has been achieved in all vehicle segments within a five-year time span.

Production-Linked Incentive scheme: Marked out an outlay of Rs 18,100 crore for advanced chemistry cell batteries. It will battery manufacturing ecosystem in the country.

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME-2): Under phase 2, as many as 2,636 charging stations across the country and 5,595 electric buses have been sanctioned

Exempted customs duty: on certain parts of EVs and capital goods used in the manufacture of Li-ion.

Draft for amending building code and town planning rules: to let EV-charging stations be provided in private and commercial buildings.

A concessionaire agreement (by NITI Aayog): for public-private partnerships in the operation and maintenance of electric buses in cities on the operating expenditure (OPEX) model.

15 states have come up with EV policies—including incentives such as single-window clearance, stamp duty waiver, and incentivized land and electricity.

Done away with the mandatory requirement of spare tyres in cars: which would provide extra space for EV batteries.

Focus on moving people rather than vehicle: Through public transportation and its electrification instead of personal mobility.

Identify the crucial segments: which includes two-and-three wheelers and buses.

Harmonize efforts with the Indian information technology (IT) industry as the electric mobility revolution is driven by power electronics, artificial intelligence and automation.